The next 100 trillion years will see a series of remarkable events unfold in our universe. Let's delve deeper into the timeline and explore the incredible transformations that await us.
Universe in 100 trillion years: Predictions and possibilities
As we discussed earlier, Earth will undergo significant changes within the next billion years. The increasing luminosity of the Sun will lead to a rise in the average surface temperature, making the planet unrecognizable. The oceans will evaporate, leaving liquid water only at the poles, where life will find its last refuge.
2.3 billion years from now, the habitable zone of the Sun will expand further into the solar system. Mars will experience surface temperatures similar to Earth's last ice age, presenting a potential habitat for advanced civilizations that might emerge in the future.
Around 2.8 billion years from now, Earth will face a profound transformation as the outer liquid core freezes. This event will result in the loss of Earth's magnetic field, exposing the planet to harsh cosmic radiation. The average surface temperature will soar to 149 degrees Celsius, causing the extinction of even the most resilient single-celled organisms.
By 3.3 billion years from now, Earth will be devoid of any life. There is a slight possibility of Mercury's orbit becoming unstable, leading to a collision with Venus and causing chaos within the inner solar system.
At the 3.5 billion-year mark, the Sun's luminosity will have increased by 40% of its current value. Earth's surface temperature will soar to a scorching 1,330 degrees Celsius, resembling the inhospitable conditions on Venus in our present time.
In 4 billion years, our galaxy, the Milky Way, will undergo a dramatic change. The larger Andromeda Galaxy will collide with our own, initiating a process of merging that will take four billion years to complete. The night sky within this unified galaxy will present a breathtaking spectacle, far surpassing the beauty we behold today.
Moving ahead to 5 billion years from now, the Sun will exhaust its hydrogen fuel and enter its red giant phase. Over the course of approximately 7.59 billion years, it will expand dramatically, reaching a size 256 times larger than its current state. This expansion will likely lead to the disintegration of the Moon, which will rain down onto the Earth's molten surface. Mercury, Venus, and possibly Earth will be engulfed by the expanding Sun, ceasing to exist. However, there is a possibility that Saturn's moon, Titan, could maintain surface temperatures that could support life, offering a potential refuge for civilizations seeking to escape the Sun's intense heat.
After eight billion years, the Sun will transform into a white dwarf star, shrinking to 54% of its present mass. Temperatures within the solar system will drastically decrease, leading to the extinction of any remaining life.
Advancing to 100 billion years from now, the expansion of the universe will push everything outside of our local group of galaxies far beyond our reach. Intelligent beings residing within this period might believe themselves to be at the center of the universe, surrounded by infinite darkness. This misconception will profoundly influence future philosophies and cultures.
Around 450 billion years from now, the 47 galaxies within our local group will merge to form a single gigantic galaxy. The feeling of cosmic isolation will intensify as this vast galaxy dominates the cosmic landscape.
Fast-forwarding to 4 trillion years from now, the star Proxima Centauri B, the closest star to Earth, will still survive. However, this ancient star will eventually meet its demise, just as our Sun did trillions of years earlier.
Finally, after 12 trillion years, new stars will continue to be born, but their lifespans are finite. Eventually, the last stars in the universe will die out, leaving behind remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and black holes. Occasional collisions between brown dwarfs may give rise to new red dwarf stars, but such occurrences will be extremely rare. The once star-filled Milky Way, which currently hosts over 100 billion stars, may have only around 100 red dwarf stars at this point.
In the end, after 120 trillion years, the last flickering embers of stellar life will fade away, plunging the universe into eternal darkness. Only remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and black holes will persist, scattered throughout the vast cosmic expanse.
Around 2.8 billion years from now, Earth will face a profound transformation as the outer liquid core freezes. This event will result in the loss of Earth's magnetic field, exposing the planet to harsh cosmic radiation. The average surface temperature will soar to 149 degrees Celsius, causing the extinction of even the most resilient single-celled organisms.
By 3.3 billion years from now, Earth will be devoid of any life. There is a slight possibility of Mercury's orbit becoming unstable, leading to a collision with Venus and causing chaos within the inner solar system.
At the 3.5 billion-year mark, the Sun's luminosity will have increased by 40% of its current value. Earth's surface temperature will soar to a scorching 1,330 degrees Celsius, resembling the inhospitable conditions on Venus in our present time.
In 4 billion years, our galaxy, the Milky Way, will undergo a dramatic change. The larger Andromeda Galaxy will collide with our own, initiating a process of merging that will take four billion years to complete. The night sky within this unified galaxy will present a breathtaking spectacle, far surpassing the beauty we behold today.
Moving ahead to 5 billion years from now, the Sun will exhaust its hydrogen fuel and enter its red giant phase. Over the course of approximately 7.59 billion years, it will expand dramatically, reaching a size 256 times larger than its current state. This expansion will likely lead to the disintegration of the Moon, which will rain down onto the Earth's molten surface. Mercury, Venus, and possibly Earth will be engulfed by the expanding Sun, ceasing to exist. However, there is a possibility that Saturn's moon, Titan, could maintain surface temperatures that could support life, offering a potential refuge for civilizations seeking to escape the Sun's intense heat.
After eight billion years, the Sun will transform into a white dwarf star, shrinking to 54% of its present mass. Temperatures within the solar system will drastically decrease, leading to the extinction of any remaining life.
Advancing to 100 billion years from now, the expansion of the universe will push everything outside of our local group of galaxies far beyond our reach. Intelligent beings residing within this period might believe themselves to be at the center of the universe, surrounded by infinite darkness. This misconception will profoundly influence future philosophies and cultures.
Around 450 billion years from now, the 47 galaxies within our local group will merge to form a single gigantic galaxy. The feeling of cosmic isolation will intensify as this vast galaxy dominates the cosmic landscape.
Fast-forwarding to 4 trillion years from now, the star Proxima Centauri B, the closest star to Earth, will still survive. However, this ancient star will eventually meet its demise, just as our Sun did trillions of years earlier.
Finally, after 12 trillion years, new stars will continue to be born, but their lifespans are finite. Eventually, the last stars in the universe will die out, leaving behind remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and black holes. Occasional collisions between brown dwarfs may give rise to new red dwarf stars, but such occurrences will be extremely rare. The once star-filled Milky Way, which currently hosts over 100 billion stars, may have only around 100 red dwarf stars at this point.
In the end, after 120 trillion years, the last flickering embers of stellar life will fade away, plunging the universe into eternal darkness. Only remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and black holes will persist, scattered throughout the vast cosmic expanse.
Considering the unfathomable timescale involved, humanity has plenty of time to marvel at the splendor of our universe and ponder its mysteries.
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